Click “Check answer” or click inside the card to see the answer to each card.

Click “Mark for review”, and that card will go to the bottom of the stack so you can practice it again.

Click “Next card” to proceed.

[qdeck align=”center” style=”border:4px solid green;” card_back_image=”https://applern.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/flashcard.png”]

[start]

[h]

Gastrointestinal and Vitamins

[q] Histamine2-receptor antagonists- suppress the secretion of gastric acid

[a] Ranitidine, Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine

[q] Cimetidine side effect

[a] block androgen receptors-decreased libido and impotence. CNS effects (lethargy, depression, confusion). It can increase the levels of warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, and lidocaine.

[q] Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) – reduce gastric acid secretion

[a] Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole

[q] PPI long term use effect

[a] Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors increases the risk of osteoporosis

[q] PPI nurse note

[a] Do not crush, chew, or break sustained-release capsules,Do not open capsule and sprinkle contents over food, omeprazole once a day prior to eating in the morning

[q] Sucralfate

[a] Mucosal protectant

[q] Sucralfate side effect

[a] constipation (increase fiber)

[q] Antacids- neutralize gastric acid

[a] Aluminum carbonate, Aluminium Hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium carbonate (Tums)

[q] Antacid Side Effect

[a] Aluminum and calcium compounds cause constipation. Magnesium compounds cause diarrhea, renal toxic. Aluminum hydroxide – hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia.

[q] Antacid Nurse note

[a] Do not mix with other meds. Give 1 hour before or 3 hours after meals.

[q] Dopamine antagonists- Antiemetic

[a] Prochlorperazine, metoclopramide (Reglan), promethazine (Phenergan)

[q] Ondansetron

[a] Antiemetic

[q] Ondansetron side effect

[a] Headache, diarrhea,dizziness

[q] Prochlorperazine side effect

[a] Extrapyramidal symptoms (monitor for restlessness, anxiety, spasms of face and neck; Administer an anticholinergic medication to treat), Hypotension, Sedation, Anticholinergic effects

[q] Scopolamine

[a] Anticholinergic effects, sedation, antinausea, treat motion sickness

[q] Laxatives

[a] Psyllium (Metamucil), Docusate sodium (Colace), Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia), senna (Senokot), lactulose (Cephulac)

[q] Laxative contraindication

[a] Contraindicated in clients who have fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, and acute surgical abdomen to prevent perforation. Contraindicated in clients who have nausea, cramping, and abdominal pain

[q] Laxative teaching

[a] Chronic laxative use can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Increase high-fiber foods in daily diet such as bran, fresh fruits and vegetables. Increase fluid intake (2 to 3 L/day). Maintain a regular exercise regimen

[q] Loperamide (Antidiarrheals) Teaching

[a] Drink small amounts of clear liquids/oral electrolyte solution. Avoid caffeine (increase peristalsis and worsen diarrhea).

[q] Metoclopramide ( controls nausea and vomiting) Adverse Effect

[a] Extrapyramidal symptoms (report restlessness, anxiety, and spasms of face and neck), Sedation (fall precaution, avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving), Diarrhea (monitor for dehydration)

[q] Metoclopramide Contraindication

[a] Contraindicated in clients who have GI perforation, GI bleeding, bowel obstruction, and hemorrhage.

[q] sulfasalazine

[a] Decrease inflammation in IBS, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis

[q] sulfasalazine side effects

[a] Blood disorders (agranulocytosis,hemolytic and macrocytic anemia), Nausea, cramps, rash, arthralgia

[q] sulfasalazine Nurse note

[a] contraindicated in clients who have sensitivity to sulfonamides, salicylates

[q] Ferrous sulfate Side effect

[a] GI distress – nausea, constipation(take with orange juice), Teeth staining (Teach clients to dilute liquid iron with water or juice, drink with a straw, and rinse mouth after swallowing),

[q] Ferrous sulfate notes

[a] Better to take empty stomach, Taking with Vitamin C increases absorption, Z-track technique for IM, increase water and fiber intake to prevent constipation.

[q] Foods high in Iron

[a] liver, egg yolks, muscle meats, yeast, grains, green leafy vegetables

[x] [restart][/qdeck]